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";s:4:"text";s:37628:"L*��R�r� Its study has to go hand-in-hand with the study of the people who practise the religion. This psalm has been spoken and sung by Jews, Christians and others down the millennia. The best interpreter of African Religion is the African with a disciplined mind and the requisite technical tools. We usually sprinkle a few drops in front of the egun shrine before beginning our prayers. Among African peoples, the worship of God takes place at any place and time. Praying is the commonest form of worship among traditional African peoples. Ritual purification is the ritual prescribed by a religion by which a person is considered to be free of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness.Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. In African Traditional Religion, man has often made covenants with God. %PDF-1.6 %�� Christianity is the main religion in Ghana with 72% of the population being members of the various Christian denominations in the country. Religion in Igbo traditional society partakes fully of all the features of world traditional religion, including its beliefs, sacred myths, oral qualities, strong appeal to the hearts of adherents, high degree of ritualization, and possession of numerous participatory personages such as officiating elders, kings, priests, and diviners. It is rare that a traditional religion traces itself back to a founder. 3. Instead, the African divinities and the ancestors, who are the lesser beings, have been actively involved in the everyday religious life of the traditional Africans. African Religions and Beliefs. B. Ellis,16 and S. S. Farrow.17 The most For me they symbolise that we are all one people, united in God.. Urbanization Rate: 3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) ��M��I� H��:ؒX>��9q�(tr�QI`8��3��.�� `~�b`R�� #�?�g�L�"@�� c�5� between Christianity and African Traditional Religion. H�lT�r�0��+�k:��^��ei�!L �a�&r"6�8e��c]Kr�2Yē�s}WyW�(��-K� missionaries. The African American church sustained the liberation longings of Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman, of Henry McNeal Turner and Frederick Douglass. Different fathers played a role in the development of this religion. The Tanzanian government attributes its self-ascribed success in tackling COVID-19 to the use of traditional medicines and religious prayer. Accra. Sacrifices and offerings are common acts of worship. The pouring of libation in African rituals must be performed for such entrance in the tsiefe-ancestral land. The problems, which the study addressed, were therefore: (a) To ascertain the position of the cult of ancestors in African prayers. At an even more basic level, a prayer is a form of communication, a way of talking to God or to the saints, just as we talk to family or friends. As the Catechism of the Catholic Church notes, however, not all prayers are the same. It is a common feeling among traditional African peoples that direct communication must not be made with God by just about anybody, but through special people or spirits. 0000001127 00000 n It is a matter of perspective, ... are level places on certain mountain tops in Zululand where places exist for prayer This study attempts and examines what some scholars have written about African traditional religion, its beliefs and practices, and brought it together to form what may be called the worship of God in the religion. Religion (A. T.R). They are mostly requests to satisfy a particular need or to give thanks. Worship is by way of utterances mainly, and not meditative, and comes in many forms, such as sacrifices and offerings; prayers, invocations, blessing and salutations; and intercessions. The effect of colonisation on Africa's traditional religion is seen in the views of colonialists that African traditional religious practices are fetish, barbaric, ritualistic and demonic. For a long time it will continue to exist; it will not be easily wiped out by these other religions or by secularism.. John S. Mbiti: The Prayers of African Religion, SPCK, London and Orbis Books, New York, 1975, p. 162.. Mbiti, ibid.. Mbiti, op. Singing is very common in religious gatherings and ceremonies, "which not only helps to pass on religious knowledge from one person to a group or another, but helps create and strengthen corporate feelings and solidarity". The prayers are usually short, extemporaneous, and succinct, and may be accompanied by sacrifices and offerings. Temples are huge houses, generally cared for by a priest. A Warning To The World From A Powerful Traditional Healer In South Africa Gogo Maluphahla. 0000005425 00000 n In Sierra Leone, Botswana, and Burkina Faso more than 33 percent follow African religion, although it is not the religion of the majority. Traditional Africa religions. Many forms of African Traditional Religion teach that the spirits of the dead can be born back into the realm of the living. The prayers are usually short, extemporaneous, and succinct, and may be accompanied by sacrifices and offerings. It shapes the character, and culture of the people. (b) To identify the focal recipient/addressee in African traditional prayer. It can be said the worship of God in Africa traditional religion is the very soul of African religion. None 5.2% (2010 est.) Therefore we speak of African Traditional Religion thinking of those common things. The traditional African understanding and the interpretation of Christianity have deep roots in these fundamental beliefs of the African traditional religions. 0000002805 00000 n Traditional 5.2%. However you had some slaves that were very tough mentally into never giving up their beliefs so since they were force and told to practice Christianity they did, but also still brought their African traditional beliefs and intertwine them with Christianity, I know that the religion … constantly liable to misunderstand the African worldview and beliefs. In 1900 some 58% of the population adhered to “pure” African Religion. Mothong African Heritage Trust. They are aware of their spirituality, and the relationship between themselves and this almighty supreme being (God), who pervades all aspects of their existence, and who is far removed from them (transcendental) and is within them (immanent) at the same time. Religious tolerance is very high in Ghana. Although traditional prayers are not said by all people, they are said by many. 0000000656 00000 n A typical African traditional prayer. 0 I wouldn't dare to comment on the christian forum page, nothing but ignorance, so I choose this one, which would be a little bit more open minded. "Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe, Russia, the Americas, the Philippines, East Timor, Southern Africa, Central Africa, East Africa and Oceania. Normally this comes through the expression of exercising some kind of ritualized power. Wooden masks are often used to depict deities or ancestors; in many traditions, they are believed to channel spirits when worn by ceremonial dancers. General B Sniper Media 4,224 views Invocations are calls for God's intervention into a particular matter. Differences between African Traditional Religion and Christianity. The ancient spirituality of the Ndi Igbo, like most other traditional African spiritual systems, has been misunderstood and demonized unjustly. Eternal Rest of the Soul. 0000001002 00000 n Im totally serious about wanting to know prayers and practices and beliefs of traditional African spirituality! The Attribute of God in African Tradition Religion a term Paper prepared by Pst. 0000002134 00000 n Africa is a vast continent, with many races, but in religion as in other matters it is helpful for study to divide the continent at the Sahara Desert. African rites of passage usually occur at birth, marriage, and death; on initiation into SECRET SOCIETIES (often associated with reaching a certain age); and on achieving an important position such as that of king or priest. There are no strict rules governing when people should worship, but the practice and customs of worship vary from place to place, and people worship for special reasons, such as harvest festivals, the rites of birth, initiation, marriage and death, planting time, times of national need, before or during hunting, gathering and fishing, the blessing of cattle, unusual phenomena, and the coronation of chiefs and kings. Blessings are good wishes being asked of God, such as, "God be with you". And since Africans live in a religious universe, proverbs and songs that express reverence for and gratitude to God are everywhere. This study attempts and examines what some scholars have written about African traditional religion, its beliefs and practices, and brought it together to form what may be called the worship of God in the religion. Mbiti talking about the African religious heritage says, “Religion is part of the cultural heritage… trailer For many Africans and Ghanaians, in particular, it is religion more than anything else that shapes their worldview and participation in … Religious tolerance is very high in Ghana. The Biblical teaching is that human have one life on earth, a single judgment, and then everlasting rest … Evangelical churches, with the help of Nollywood movies, have helped to paint a negative picture of traditional Igbo spirituality that dates back to the arrival of the Europeans in Alaigbo (Igboland). Some of these theological questions centered on whether the adherents of African traditional religion pray and if they do, who are the recipients of these prayers (Ekwunife, 2007).These and many other theological questions such as the place of the cult of the ancestors in African prayers seem not to have received a generally Some Major Values in Traditional Religions. Such ancestors are remembered as we recognize Christ's death through food and drink. Though there is no strict time and place of worship, worship takes place in special shrines, temples, altars, groves and other sacred places used for public sacrifices and prayers. With African Traditional Religions you must be much more careful about speaking about belief systems in the same way, because Africans will actually tolerate quite a wide variety of beliefs as long as it supports the same rituals or certain rituals or ritualistic explanations of why this is being done or why this is being believed. African Traditional Religion influences every area of an African life. W.A.T.R. The fact that there are no written scriptures by the votaries of African traditional religion, does not in any way mean that the concept of the Supreme Being does not exist in their ontology. 4. From the Traditional Music and Cultures of Kenya, a multimedia encyclopaedia dedicated to all Kenyan tribes, including music and dance, history, culture, society, religion and beliefs, rituals and daily life, fables, legends, riddles and proverbs. Just as Africa had given the family of Jesus a home in his childhood in flight from Herod, so now a family with African origins familiar with the practice of libation is giving Jesus a home in the last hours of death. In the absence of a shrine, a prayer can be … In 1900 some 58% of the population adhered to “pure” African Religion. A member of the RJRGLEANER Communications Group. It can be said the worship of God in Africa traditional religion is the very soul of African religion. 0000006832 00000 n African religions, either from the scientific point of view, ... whether African Traditional Religion should be termed monotheistic or polytheistic. similarities between the traditional beliefs of Africans in Africa. Inter-religious relations, especially, among African Traditional Religion (ATR) worshippers, Muslims and Christians are becoming sources of social tension and violence. African religions, religious beliefs and practices of the peoples of Africa.It should be noted that any attempt to generalize about the nature of “African religions” risks wrongly implying that there is homogeneity among all African cultures.In fact, Africa is a vast continent encompassing both geographic variation and tremendous cultural diversity. Population of city: 1 963 264. [28] I can discover more sources. In Christianity God is the covenant maker and He gives the power to keep the covenant. This pattern of behaviour is by no means found in all societies, but the concept of intermediaries is found almost everywhere," Mbiti says. Since Christianity came in contact with the traditional religion, there has always been a sharp conflict between traditionalists and Christians. While Islam and Christianity tend to be overtly resistant to adopting traditional African religious ideas or practices, indigenous African religions have always accommodated other beliefs. 0000000923 00000 n They are mostly requests to satisfy a particular need or to give thanks. The transcendent kinship beyond death is very important in the overall purposes of the ritual of libation. African Traditional Religion Study Group . The third level in African Traditional Religion is the earthly tier, which is the functionaries who are responsible for maintaining the harmony, balance, and order in the African traditional system. Introduction African traditional religions are the religions in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. x�b```f``��ˀ �@6�8�0��M�[�?�.��S��*v�� (g��r=1-�t�|GR_�Z 83 0 obj <>stream "It is also an act and occasion of making and renewing contact between God and man ... ," John S. Mbiti says in African Religions and Philosophy. and Modernity (a) The impact of foreign religions on (Christianity and Islam) WATR (b) The impact of West African Traditional Religion on Christianity and Islam. 0000007034 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n When we speak of African Traditional Religion, we mean the indigenous religious beliefs and practices of the Africans. Clinton Simon @ Penticostal Theological Seminary, Eleme, Portharcourt Nigeria. The African religions scholar Placide Tempels describes every misfortune that Africans encounter as "a diminution of vital force." This is just one part of it It is superstitious It is animism or paganism All Rights Reserved. The traditional African religions or traditional beliefs and practices of African people are a set of highly diverse beliefs that includes various ethnic religions. In 1967, he established the traditional African religious and cultural organization, Bosum Dzemawodzi in New York. Shauji Mpota describes these practices from the country’s Lindi region, where the President’s speeches and public messaging has shaped the … Mbiti regards African Traditional Religion(s) (ATR(s)) as monotheism and as a praeparatio evangelica, and maintains that the Christian God is the same as the God worshipped in ATR(s). Extract. [8] There are also large Christian communities in other parts of the world, such as Central Asia and the Middle East, where Christianity is the second-largest religion after Islam. It is hard to destroy its beliefs. Most traditional African cultures include beliefs about the spirit world, which is widely represented through both traditional and modern art such as masks, statues, and sculptures. In traditional thinking, ancestors are an essential link in a hierarchical chain of powers stretching from this world to the spirit world. (a) West African Traditional Religion and Reproductive Health Features: issues of Hygiene, sexuality and Promiscuity/Abortion (b) Circumcision Rites and Reproductive Health 20. I had a powerful experience of unity once when praying Psalm 23 - the psalm often known as 'The Lord Is My Shepherd'.. 66 18 facing the nature of African traditional religion. 0000006736 00000 n xref Traditional Prayer Celebrates Our Unity. They respond to this awareness by worshipping through deeds and sayings that vary from community to community. Other 0.8%. Traditionally, African peoples believe in a supreme being who is omnipresent, omniscient and omnipotent, and who is manifested in nature and natural phenomena. - Duration: 3:06. "The reason for this feeling and practice seems to derive mainly from the social and political life of the peoples concerned. A Warning To The World From A Powerful Traditional Healer In South Africa Gogo Maluphahla. Insofar as African traditional religion can be defined by specific "religious" actions, the cult of the ancestors is its most common and essential activity. For centuries the barriers of desert, tropical forest, and sea prevented religions from spreading south. Prayer - Prayer - Forms of prayer in the religions of the world: The forms that prayer takes in the religions of the world, though varied, generally follow certain fixed patterns. Praying is the commonest form of worship among traditional African peoples. It evolved through many centuries, before the westerner come to Africa. Copyright © 2020 The Gleaner Company (Media) Limited. Water is a necessary component to all forms of prayer in yoruba tradition. The African Traditional Religion has no founder. Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, and the Ivory Coast—African religion is the majority religion. When we speak of African Traditional Religion, we mean the indigenous religious beliefs Some people worship God throughout the entire day, as they believe God is everywhere, seeing and hearing them, while for others, formal worship is arbitrary, unnecessary even, as they feel their awareness and acceptance of God's omnipresence, omniscience and omnipotence are within themselves worship. The most prominent were R. S. Rattray,14 P. A. Talbot,15 A. In the creative mixture of Christianity and African Traditional Religion, of biblical stories and African folklore, of Christian message and African music, the African American church was forged. Most times many writers see the religions in Africa as homogenous while others see them in plurality. cit., p. 163.. But importantly, they are done to restore the balance between man and God. <]>> This bitter conflict has led to wanton destruction of lives and property, and this has become a source of great worry to the writers. The African American church sustained the liberation longings of Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman, of Henry McNeal Turner and Frederick Douglass. This belief, just as in the case of the previous one, has a theological basis – the plurality of divinities ( polytheism ). Majority religion in city: Christianity All these persons serve different purposes. Siyakholwa explores prayer in the African Traditional Religions this week. 0000001406 00000 n Shrines are sanctuaries for animals and humans. Caves and sacred mountains, river banks, waterfalls, ruins, special trees are also used as sacred places where worship takes place. These intercessors include elders, ordained priests, seers, prophets, oracles, diviners (links between God and mankind), medicine-men, and rainmakers, and the spirits of the living-dead (people who have recently died). It is a matter of perspective, whether one lays emphasis on the Supreme Being or on the many . Illness and death result from some outside agent, a person, thing, or circumstance that weakens people because the agent contains a greater life force. People worship him whenever the need arises," Mbiti says. In the beginning was God ... Oludumare, oh Divine One! Not only the raw Google results but those of Google Books, JSTOR, Google Scholars, affirm that "African Traditional Religion" is the most common term. The former involves the killing of an animal, which is given in parts or entirely to God. Religion in Igbo traditional society partakes fully of all the features of world traditional religion, including its beliefs, sacred myths, oral qualities, strong appeal to the hearts of adherents, high degree of ritualization, and possession of numerous participatory personages such as officiating elders, kings, priests, and diviners. For example, an African amulet might have inside of it a written verse from either the Koran or Christian Bible. According to the Encyclopedia of African Religion, "Blood from the animal, and some say from humans as well, was given in a drink to the attendees to seal their fates in loyalty to the cause of liberation of Sainte-Domingue." ," John S. Mbiti says in African Religions and Philosophy. The major religions in Ghana include; Religious beliefs Christianity. Islam is the secondary religion in the country with a following of about 17.6% of the population. INTERNET USERS 7 958 675 (2017) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 11,9 % (2015 est.) The study was guided by … John S. Mbiti explains that though the knowledge of God as the Supreme Being is not For a long time it will continue to exist; it will not be easily wiped out by these other religions or by secularism.. John S. Mbiti: The Prayers of African Religion, SPCK, London and Orbis Books, New … African Traditional Religion, means "i.e. For example, in 14 of the 19 countries surveyed, more than three-in-ten people say they sometimes consult traditional healers when someone in their household is sick. The transcendent kinship beyond death is very important in the overall purposes of the ritual of libation. God is omnipresent, and he is reachable at any time and in any place. However, there are no major links between ethnicity and religion in the country. African Traditional Religion cannot easily be studied by non-Africans. How Christianity And Islam Blended Into Traditional African Beliefs The three categories The first includes religions that are based on worshiping ancestors, spirits, or gods. 0000004105 00000 n Praise ye Ngai - … %%EOF Title: Prayer and Religious Traditions of Africa I Created Date: 5/30/2006 4:32:12 PM African religious beliefs and the underlying force of African cultural practices. " �P��8*�B`�$�hTnfs��'�#$�Z�&0 03�Ve�`&�v��\-�J��!��`��cy�� @��e��ǫU�Q� ��V��!ʁ�r��2��@� xpy謹��`g�R��m�. Altars are sacred spots used for offerings and sacrifices, and can be found in shrines and temples or in the open air. The Attribute of God in African Tradition Religion a term Paper prepared by Pst. 0000006061 00000 n Religion in Africa. {V>�v��ܙ��x@��&!�u��;Wmlg��&yK�U��&Q;��8(ʱ�2�ۤ��63��|y�~YN��w-BUd��|�$4y{��~�+'��d��F��ښƸjo_L8�dp£��=vq��. And we agree with Professor Idowu that the purpose of the study should be: Religion permeates life to such an extent that it is often difficult to distinguish between strictly religious elements and local custom. "There is no limit as to where and when African peoples perform one or more act of worship. We can also pour or spray (through ones lips) liquor onto the shrine. startxref Christianity is the largest and the most popular religion in Ghana with approximately 72% of the population identifying with it. In many traditional societies there is a strong sense of the sacred. 66 0 obj <> endobj They directly receive sacrifices, offerings and prayers offered by the traditional Africans. 2 Wrong ideas: African Religion is ancestor worship. 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For centuries, African Traditional Religion in its myriad of forms was practiced by the majority of Africans, but in the last fifty years Christianity and Islam have become more prominent. KEY CITY. 0000007137 00000 n LEAST REACHED PEOPLE GROUPS 19. In 1967, he established the traditional African religious and cultural organization, Bosum Dzemawodzi in New York. "Prayer," St. John Damascene wrote, "is the raising of one's mind and heart to God or the requesting of good things from God." The continued influence of traditional African religion is also evident in some aspects of daily life. Traditional Beliefs Blending The next category includes religions based on worshiping animals, the land, nature of African Traditional Religion (A.T.R). Clinton Simon @ Penticostal Theological Seminary, Eleme, Portharcourt Nigeria. 3. This is because African traditional religion is expressed in nature: whatever affects nature affects religion, too.10 10 See Nelly Mwale and Joseph Chita, “African Traditional Religion Harvest Festivals in the Context of Climate Change in Eastern Zambia: The Experiences of Women,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 2:9 (2015). ... are level places on certain mountain tops in Zululand where places exist for prayer (izigupo), particularly in times of drought (Thorpe 1994: 36). 0000004749 00000 n Some of these theological questions centered on whether the adherents of African traditional religion pray and if they do, who are the recipients of these prayers (Ekwunife, 2007).These and many other theological questions such as the place of the cult of the ancestors in African prayers These figures represent peo-ple who primarily follow African traditional religion; however, endstream endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>/Encoding<>>>>> endobj 69 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 70 0 obj <>stream The African Traditional Religion is very holistic since it impacts every area of the African traditional life, whether in the city or village, in the office or in the farm, in the building of a structure or in marriage. By and large they had a much better perception of African Traditional Religion and they saw the relevance of the system of beliefs for African traditional society. 0000003495 00000 n Religion enters into every aspect of the life of the Africans and it cannot be studied in isolation. Sometimes the worship of God is done through intercessors. whether African Traditional Religion should be termed monotheistic or polytheistic. portrayed in African religions. MISSIONARIES Sent 610 Received 2200. Traditional religion and beliefs of the Kikuyu. Offerings to God include things that are not sacrificed. In the creative mixture of Christianity and African Traditional Religion, of biblical stories and African folklore, of Christian message and African music, the African American church was forged. 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